The near
ident Biya became his main opponent. On the one hand, it is the first to recognize the evils that undermine his regime and on the other hand, he plays the expert who, as a consulting firm or in a seminar at the university, made the proposal all ideal solutions. In so doing, it makes the game well and areas of promise for intelligent, level of control of public policy or operational capability of its political objectives, it remains in limbo. Pragmatic analysis of speech by President Biya in the Nation December 31, 2010. As before, the year-end speech the president of Cameroon has been a speech-balance sheet and a keynote address. Structure meets the classic canons of academic and business writing including: an introduction (opening), a middle and an end (closure). Thus, we can structure this discourse into three parts and nine sub-areas namely: (1) the balance of 2010, (2) the program in 2011 and (3) best wishes for 2011. Through three transition words (first, too, finally), the record of President Biya is likely to be structured into three parts, namely: the fiftieth anniversary of independence, the implementation of the strategy for growth and employment, and the significant role on the international stage. Similarly, its program for 2011 can be divided into 6 sub-parts, namely: the 50th anniversary of reunification, elections, and particularly the election presidential prospects, the shares in the social conditions of living and "other subjects". Finally, his wish divided into three lines. Even if one can note an imbalance of subparts, the President of the Republic of Cameroon has always been very formal and administrative style verbal and nonverbal (acts, gestures, words). What has changed since its adoption of a critical tone in his speech to Congress CPDM in 2006, his tastes became pronounced for the promise and intelligent exploitation of the popular imagination. The promise of intelligent
within the meaning of Kakdeu (2010a) occurs by the use of all the human and technological updates to update the language of wood (Boyomo Assala, 2001). Intelligence is made to serve the political feint. If we were in a football game, it seems that more and more, the Cameroonian president changes jobs. He pretends not to play on the defensive and to be on the offensive. Faced with the passivity of the opposition and the lack of alternative programs in the face, we observe the emergence of Paul Biya, who is intelligent main opponent of President Paul Biya to power. Using the antithesis "The opponent Biya" meticulously lists all the ills of the system on the one hand and brings in as and solutions learned other. On the rhetorical level, the act is embodied in his speech of December 31, 2010 by the following transition: "This retrospective review also enabled us to take stock of our shortcomings and what we have to go to access modern . "In addition, we record the following sweeping statement:" As you know, our strategy involves the implementation of large agricultural projects, mining, industrial, energy and infrastructure. " No better! Basically, these sentences are softeners which help "swallow the bitter pill" of all failures could be identified in its management. They are acts of politeness negative sense Kerbrat-Orecchioni (1992, 1996, 2005) that can counter any form of criticism viable by reducing the extent of damage on the living conditions ("the wounds of our society" ).
Moreover, his argument based on empirically proven facts could also enable it to counter the criticism that he does not know the issues because of its many "private stays in Europe." To prove is concrete and cons take-up his opponents, he uses about magicians who are suitable and that, in terms argumentative, let métacommuniquer to force the hand to the receiver or put in an untenable meaning "yes" . President Biya said: "If you please, look at things more closely." This formula allows for example to make the descent on his interlocutors (opponents) and discourse in a politically comfortable.
discursive approach Beyond this skill learned, the discursive approach of the Head of State may be classified in the category of so-called acts of subordinates justification. In fact, he justifies, so sweet, acts failures of his administration. These include: a "sluggish" in "our economy, that is to say essentially our agriculture," "an evident lack of energy" which was "suffering" the secondary sector, a " slowdown in economic activity ", a" drop in revenue "and increased" public expenditure ", an unearned credibility" in the eyes of our partners, " attractive mixed "investor", a "lag effect" in the "starter" projects, "a certain passivity of some officials," a bad "example" on the part of the state, an "excess liquidity of banks", funding unavailable, an imbalance of trade with exports "marking time" and imports "continued to grow at a rapid pace," a trade "grossly deficient" non-oil, an "extrovert character of our economy yet "diplomacy in less dynamic or" renaissance "A" march "to do to" Integration "National Elecam of inadequacy, of" cash crops eking out a living for twenty years while the courts have again become profitable "non-operation" capacity "of "industrial farming", under-production "of jobs and wealth, a lack of development of" processing industries ", a non-start" mining projects, "" barriers of credit, "an existence in the "rut [of] several issues that have stagnated for too long," a lack of "sufficiently proactive monitoring "Lack" of infrastructure [...] particularly in urban centers, "a" lack of social housing ", an existence of" unacceptable excesses ", which unemployment" has tended to worsen, "an" insecurity persists, "a" speculation on food products which affects society's most vulnerable ", a" corruption, it still constantly reborn and spread, "a" road safety that each year many victims " A state of the road "degraded", a "shortage" of water and energy, etc..
President Paul Biya
recognizes almost everything against him. We can say, on the basis of this self-diagnostic analysis, as this is the most comprehensive list of ills that plague the Cameroon on the evening of December 31, 2010. The President recognizes the need to "make a finding qualified [...] on the evolution of our economy." Recognizing the difficulties of the hour, the communicative intention of President Biya is likely to create empathy with all who suffer or who suffer the ravages of his administration. These are processes that allow repairers to rebuild trust. It also uses désarmeurs whose function is to defuse any negative reactions from people in distress who chanted: "time passes ... hurry ... we must act quickly, our future is done for, etc.. . Early, the President reported that "faced with this situation," he took measures "to save time."
The President's speech would be a good measure of the opposition if, at the rhetorical level, there were no antithesis which enables an overrun scholar of public problems identified. Thus, one can summarize the structure the argument in a presidential picture in which we associate with each public issue listed, a promise as a smart solution scholarship. Basically, "efforts are continuing." In addition, the President of Cameroon is an archi-cause (a culprit) to the essential shortcomings of 2010 namely: "The various crises that we have suffered, like most developing countries." He says emphatically, "I said."
Operational Plan Operationally, one can observe that the promise of its clever feint is to deflect the debate to political objectives. Strategically, it is clear that we can afford to promise everything. However, the president is widely criticized at the operational level or better in steering public policy. It does not provide a harmonious response to the main criticisms that are often addressed in the daily management of the state. Indeed, how will he cope with the inertia, corruption, poor governance, imperialism, bureaucracy? Those are some problems that diagnostic control himself, but he dodges while focusing on strengthening the ideal that he wants to go to level mangement policy. Yet, in reality, no "emergence" is to be expected if the steering is bad public policy. Following the Head of State in his logic, there is reason to be concerned about its treatment of operational barriers. Through what is called positive politeness, it spares the face of much of the target groups that are responsible for the "wounds" of society. This is what he calls "eminent persons" who live to the rhythm money, honor and glory, the deictic 'we' whose main members are "hawks", the "investors" who are mostly of mischief, "partners" many of whom not look the best interests of Cameroon, the "donor" and "financial institutions" whose relief inhumane prevent people to see "the end of the tunnel", etc.. Adequately its intervention hypothesis could be that if the president wants to end the obstacles hampering the development Cameroon, then it puts the impetus on this group of people wet to the bone "in order to achieve changes in behavior. However, he remained silent on these issues. We can cite another widely popular thought that sums up best: "In Cameroon, we know exactly what to do but it does not." Clearly, the "Messiah" today may not be the speaker because of political strategies, citing "Africa 21", the President could also mention the tens of thousands of meetings, seminars and conferences that take place each year on development. It today would be pretentious to think we can "surprise" the "eminent personalities" who lead us with a proposal they never heard or discussed in these meetings. The President could also say that in Cameroon, "the right solutions to public problems are in the drawers." The "messiah" will be one that will unlock the barriers to implementation, or better, one who will deal with the mafia coaction between public and who wish to "give his head to be burnt" in the name of the people. By remaining silent on these issues, President Paul Biya opens an interesting gap in favor of the opposition.
political calculation
In a widely criticized political calculation, rather it gives the penalty to consolidate the political objectives, while the population is in daily contact with the operational failures. Technically, it does not address the "Nation" but the entire elite in charge of operations. This speech would be very suitable for a cabinet where he "sets the course." In terms of outcomes, we should have on the ground within a month, a multitude of versions from the approximate translation in every elite will at its base. Basically, staying in management policy, it does not solve the problem of "communication seized." This means that another leader who speaks directly to people in need may have greater effects on weight. Basically, it is still possible to Cameroon for the success of a charismatic leader who could sensationally exploit the misery of the people (populism). Away from the operational, President Paul Biya provides an opportunity for the rebirth of a "sofa donation finish the 1992 edition or the "riots" occurred in February 2008 after a surprise "comfortable victory" for the legislation. People are hungry and we must be pragmatic rather than seeking the "voice" through the "politics of the belly", but by daring to attack the problem at its root. We know that the problem of agriculture and foreign trade agreements pernicious lies in the WTO. Moreover, the monetary policy of the CFA franc zone is a major cause of "excess liquidity of banks' financing problems and the" projects "listed. Similarly, trade agreements with "investors "And" partners "are often little benefit to Cameroon and we must dare to revise them, etc.. Are conclusive, much of public opinion think that Cameroon will not grow by trying to please the "donors". Those are "niche" of "resistance" or for some "relaxation" for other than the President avoided but which are more relevant than ever. By
compliments to the diaspora ("I wish to pay tribute), Paul Biya knows that she is sufficiently mobilized on these issues and that the danger could come from abroad 2011. He wants the presidential election "is undeniable." In fact, this is only possible if all stakeholders agree on the "independence" of the body elections (ELECAM) and on the "role" of the international community in post-election operations. In any case, President Biya will take the trouble to be the least objectionable feasible policy. It provides an opportunity for him not to be exhaustive in terms of strategic objectives. To do this, he manages to address a "sorcerer" who could offer better through Closing formula rhetorical value: "For the other, negotiations continue with interested groups and we hope they would soon lead. He also said rhetorically: "These measures will obviously not solve the overall problem of employment whose solution depends on reviving growth, which remains our main concern" or "The problems that affect your daily life will be subject to vigilant monitoring and a constant search for solutions. " Those are the amadoueurs designed to reduce hostility from the passivity of its administration as well its communication policy called "teaching style". Indeed, in trying to justify what some call the inertia (or red tape delays in social change) by the practice of teaching, his cell communication astonishment created a threat to what is called the positive side or images narcissistic a President who proudly counts today 28 years in power. Talk about "teaching" is threatening the face of all actors in the sense that in the meantime, a generation of youth born to power (more than ten million) became major violent and "cumbersome" because she feels "sacrificed" unfairly. Should rather use softeners.
In his diagnosis, his trial is to his advantage. There is a strong case of rewarding subjective adjectives such as: positive, significant, high, stimulating, proactive, next, crucial, large, private, supportive, strong, etc.. Similarly, it confirms the dominance among other verbs as subjective, multiply, develop, continue, continue, seek, do not slow down, catch up, enough, energize, revitalize, throw, raise, revive, re-open, return to normal levels , out of the rut, improve, which, at the operational level does not refer to measurable facts. This is similar to extrapolation or exaggeration of the figures used in order to "brag" on its balance sheet. It attests to the high recurrence of indefinite articles that increase its achievements. This is combined in the following example in a list: "New clinics are open each year. Hospitals are under construction or planned. Doctors and health workers are trained and recruited. At every speech the President to the Nation on December 31, the people expected sensational announcements. This time, President Biya has yet folded this year. He announced the abolition of "cost of the treatment of uncomplicated malaria among children under five years." And it connects to rhetorically: "We continue to do so ... Is that enough? Probably not, but state resources are not inexhaustible. "
In his style, there is a break with the most sustained and highly administrative record that characterized her speeches: "He spoke as the French Academy," they said. The President has introduced a few words expressions and thoughts of the soil like "make things happen," "it's time", "eating is good, but produce is better", "unity in diversity", "Cameroon Product it does not consume and consumes what it does not ", etc.. Added to this self-identification ("Nobody believed in, only we believed it. We got there") and indexing individual ("you all") whose function is to create sympathy. We can therefore say that a President is resolutely in search popularity. It a President in an election campaign. It basically says at the close of the section on discours-bilan/discours-programme he gives favorable: "Of course, to do this, I need your support, which has never failed me" . Finally, again in anticipation of elections and its "image of professionalism and dynamism" in international, it is reassuring to the place of the international community by showing its willingness to "establish institutions with the main characteristics of a democratic state. " They are acts of politeness which have negative function of consolidating acceptance.
Louis Marie Kakdeu 
become a ritual in Cameroon, like Moreover in many countries around the world: at the end of each year, the president addressed his countrymen, this state nation and accepts its prospects for the new year. This output codified year-end presidential monarch, usually prerecorded, is cleverly manipulated by his top lieutenants is to get good conscience with key donors to be awarded the certificate of good governance, precious sesame which paves the way for bilateral and multilateral funding, either to convince skeptics that the time for vendors and magicians illusions came to an end. 
